What is Ewing’s sarcoma?
Ewing’s sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of soft tissue sarcoma most often found in children and young adults. The exact cause of Ewing’s sarcoma is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified that may increase the likelihood of its development.
It causes the development of tumors of the bones of the arms, legs, hands, feet, chest, pelvic bones, and skull. It can also cause tumors in the soft tissue of the abdomen, trunk, arms, and legs.
Risk Factors
- Age: Ewing’s sarcoma is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults between the ages of 10 and 20.
- Family history: Ewing’s sarcoma has been shown to have a genetic component, so individuals with a family history of the disease may be at a higher risk of developing it.
- Male sex
- Exposure to radiation
Symptoms
The exact symptoms of Ewings sarcoma can vary based on the tumor’s location. Some of the most common symptoms can include:
- Bone pain: Bone pain is the most common symptom of Ewing’s sarcoma. The pain is often described as a dull, aching pain that can be severe and is not relieved by rest or over-the-counter pain medication.
- Swelling: Swelling and tenderness may occur in the area of the tumor.
- Fractures: Ewing’s sarcoma can weaken the bone, making it more prone to fractures.
- Fatigue, weight loss, and fever can also occur
Diagnosis
- Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, and CT scans can help identify the presence and location of a tumor.
- Biopsy: A biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the suspected tumor, is often done to confirm the diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma.
Treatment
It is important to note that the treatment plan will vary depending on the stage and location of cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient.
Surgery to remove the tumor is the most common treatment for Ewing’s sarcoma. The type of surgery will depend on the tumor’s location and may include amputation of the affected limb.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It may be given alone or in combination with surgery.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is often given in combination with radiation therapy. High doses of chemotherapy followed by a stem cell transplant may sometimes be needed.
Immunotherapy is another option, which uses the immune system to help fight off cancer cells.